BRCA Genetic Test

What is BRCA Genetic Test

The BRCA genetic test is a screening test that looks for changes or mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. These particular genes are associated with an increased risk of developing breast cancer and ovarian cancer. The BRCA gene test is also sometimes known as a "breast cancer gene test" or a "BRCA mutation test".

Why Take a BRCA Genetic Test?

The BRCA genetic test is used to help detect a change or mutation in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes which may indicate an increased risk of breast or ovarian cancer. An “abnormal” or “positive” BRCA test result does not automatically mean that an individual will develop cancer or will necessarily pass the gene mutation to their children, however it does indicate an increased risk. The BRCA test may also help with informing certain aspects of cancer treatment, such as helping to confirm a diagnosis or determining if certain targeted drugs are likely to be more effective.

When and who should take the BRCA Genetic Test?

The BRCA genetic test is generally recommended for individuals whose family history suggests a high risk of developing certain types of cancer. These include individuals with a family history of breast cancer before the age of 50, or a family history of ovarian cancer at any age, or if there is a known BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation in their family. Individuals should consult with their doctor to determine if they would benefit from undergoing a BRCA genetic test.

What is the Preparation for BRCA Genetic Test?

The BRCA test involves a blood or saliva sample. Some patients might be asked to provide a sample of their tumor tissue for testing. There is no particular preparation needed for a BRCA test; however, if the tissue sample is being taken, some basic pre-procedure instructions may be given to ensure that the results are accurate.

Types of BRCA Genetic Test

• Full Sequencing Tests-These comprehensive tests search for inherited mutations in all of the genes, including BRCA1 and BRCA2.
• Multi-gene Panel Testing-This type of test looks for mutations in selected genes which are linked to a higher risk of cancer.
• Targeted Tests-These tests check for specific mutations in certain genes that have already been identified in the family.

Risks associated with BRCA Genetic Testing

The risks associated with BRCA genetic testing are minimal. Possible risks are due to the testing process and may include insurance discrimination, the potential for confusion or misinterpretation of the results, and the general stress associated with test results. There is also a risk of the mutation being passed to future generations.

Results of the BRCA Genetic Test

The results of the BRCA test will indicate whether or not there is a BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation present. If a gene mutation is identified, it is then classified according to the type and severity of the mutation. A ‘normal’ or ‘negative’ result means that no changes in the genes were detected and the risk of cancer is therefore lower.

Conclusion

The BRCA genetic test is a screening test that looks for changes or mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, which may indicate an increased risk of breast or ovarian cancer. The test may be recommended for those with a family history of certain types of cancer, or if there is a known BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation present. Three types of BRCA tests are available, full sequencing, multi-gene panel, and targeted testing. The risks associated with this test are minimal, and the results can help individuals to make informed decisions about their health and wellbeing.