Retinoblastoma

Retinoblastoma Overview

Retinoblastoma is a rare eye cancer, most commonly found in children under six years old. It typically develops in one or both eyes, and is caused by an abnormal gene mutation. The cancer develops in the retina, the light-sensitive tissue inside the eye. The tumor may grow quickly and can spread to other parts of the body if left untreated. According to a study from the National Center for Biotechnology Information, it is the most common intraocular malignancy in children.

Risk Factors for Retinoblastoma

There are several factors that can increase a person's risk of developing retinoblastoma, these include:

• Having a family history of the disease
• Carrying the genetic mutation that predisposes one to the disease
• Having a premature birth
• Having a low birth weight
• Having a parent exposed to high levels of radiation

Diagnosis and Treatment of Retinoblastoma

If retinoblastoma is suspected, a doctor may order blood tests, a physical examination of the eye, and imaging tests like X-rays or scans. Treatment depends on the size and stage of the tumor, and may include:

• Chemotherapy
• Radiation Therapy
• Surgery to remove the tumor
• Thermotherapy

If the cancer has spread beyond the eye, other treatments may be necessary. Depending on the severity of the disease, it may be necessary to remove the affected eye itself. Children with retinoblastoma should be followed by an ophthalmologist throughout their lifetime in order to monitor for possible cancer recurrence or development of other ocular diseases.