Refractory Nausea and vomiting
Understanding Refractory Nausea and Vomiting
Nausea is defined as an unpleasant sensation in the stomach that may lead to vomiting. More specifically, it is the need to vomit that is felt even when there is nothing in the stomach to vomit. Vomiting is the forcible emptying of the stomach contents through the mouth.
Refractory nausea and vomiting is when nausea and vomiting become resistant to treatment. This occurs in a number of clinical scenarios when nausea and vomiting are persistent and not easily controlled with standard treatments. Refractory nausea and vomiting can cause a number of unpleasant symptoms that can hinder a person’s quality of life.
Causes of Refractory Nausea and Vomiting
Nausea and vomiting can be caused by a number of different medical conditions, but refractory nausea and vomiting can be due to any of the following conditions:
- Infectious gastroenteritis
- Gastroparesis
- Functional gastrointestinal disorders
- Medication side effects
- Diseases affecting the central nervous system such as Parkinson’s disease and multiple sclerosis
- Chronic systemic diseases such as cirrhosis and cancer
- Some psychiatric illnesses
- Radiation therapy or chemotherapy
- Post-operative ileus
- Intestinal obstruction
Some people also experience refractory nausea and vomiting when no other cause can be identified. This is known as idiopathic refractory nausea and vomiting.
Treatments for Refractory Nausea and Vomiting
Refractory nausea and vomiting usually requires individualized treatment that is tailored to the specific cause. This may include medications such as anti-emetics, antacids, anti-inflammatories, and anti-diarrheals. Dietary changes may also be recommended to help reduce nausea and vomiting. In some cases, more intensive treatments such as parenteral nutrition or specialized psychological therapies may be necessary. It is important to consult with your healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan.
Living with Refractory Nausea and Vomiting
Living with refractory nausea and vomiting can be difficult. It is important to follow your doctor’s instructions for treatment and to ask questions if you have any. Additionally, there are a few things you can do on your own to help manage refractory nausea and vomiting:
- Eat small meals throughout the day instead of three large meals
- Avoid foods and beverages that are high in fat or spicy
- Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids
- Rest and take it easy
- Avoid activities that increase your nausea, such as motion or strong smells
- Avoid medications that are known to cause nausea and vomiting
Although refractory nausea and vomiting can be difficult to manage, it is important to remember that there are treatments available to help you manage your symptoms. With the help of your healthcare provider, you can find a treatment plan that works for you.