Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma (PCNSL)
Overview of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma (PCNSL)
Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) which originates from the central nervous system (CNS). It is most commonly seen in the brain but can also affect the eyes, spine, and leptomeninges (lining of the brain and spinal cord). PCNSL is a B-cell lymphoma which is characterized by the presence of a large number of lymphoma cells in the CNS.
PCNSL is more commonly seen in elderly patients and immunocompromised individuals, particularly those with HIV/AIDS as well as those who receive organ transplants or other immunosuppressive treatments. PCNSL is relatively rare, and accounts for approximately 1-2% of all brain tumors.
Symptoms
Common symptoms of PCNSL include:
- Headache
- Cognitive impairment
- Personality changes
- Seizures
- Visual disturbances
- Weakness and/or loss of feeling in the limbs
Diagnosis
PCNSL is generally diagnosed based on a combination of imaging (MRI or CT scan), a physical examination, as well as laboratory tests. Additionally, a sample of the tumor is usually removed and examined under a microscope to confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment
Treatment for PCNSL generally involves a combination of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. The goal of the treatment is to induce remission of the cancer, which may be followed by additional treatment or observation.
The prognosis for PCNSL is usually very good with proper and timely treatment. However, it is important to note that the long-term outcome can vary significantly depending on the individual.