Preoperative medication

Preoperative Medication

Preoperative medication is medication that is given to patients prior to undergoing surgical procedures.

These medications are used to reduce anxiety and pain, as well as to increase the effectiveness of the procedure. In addition, preoperative medication can help to reduce the risk of complications associated with surgery.

Before a surgical procedure, preoperative medications are prescribed in four primary categories: opioids, hypnotics, sedatives and antianxiety medications.

Opioids

Opioids are a type of narcotic medication that is commonly used in preoperative medication. These include codeine, morphine, and oxycodone. Opioids are typically used to manage mild to moderate pain either during the preoperative period or shortly after the procedure.

Hypnotics

Hypnotics are a type of medication used to induce sleep prior to the procedure. Examples of hypnotics include benzodiazepines such as lorazepam, midazolam and diazepam. Hypnotics are often prescribed for mild to moderate anxiety prior to a procedure.

Sedatives

Sedatives are used to reduce muscle tension in the body. Examples of sedatives include benzodiazepines such as lorazepam and midazolam. Sedatives are commonly used before a procedure to reduce the patient’s level of awareness and promote relaxation.

Antianxiety Medications

Antianxiety medications are used to reduce anxiety and promote relaxation prior to a procedure. Common examples of antianxiety medications include buspirone, citalopram, and paroxetine. These medications are typically used in cases of severe anxiety.

Benefits of Preoperative Medication

• Reduces anxiety and pain
• Helps to increase the effectiveness of the procedure
• Reduces the risk of complications associated with the procedure
• Induces sleep prior to the procedure
• Promotes relaxation and reduces muscle tension

Side Effects of Preoperative Medication

• Drowsiness
• Dizziness
• Nausea and vomiting
• Impaired motor coordination
• Confusion and disorientation
• Depression
• Allergic reaction

Conclusion

Preoperative medication is an important part of any surgical procedure. It can reduce anxiety and pain, as well as increase the effectiveness of the procedure. Although preoperative medication is generally safe and effective, it is important to discuss any side effects with your doctor prior to undergoing any procedure.