Premenstrual Syndrome
Understanding Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is a combination of physical, emotional, psychological, and behavioral symptoms that begin one to two weeks before a woman's monthly period. PMS symptoms generally disappear within a few days of the start of the menstrual period, usually within 4 days.
The intensity of the symptoms can vary with each menstrual cycle. For some women, the symptoms are mild and may be barely noticeable. In other cases, PMS symptoms can be so severe that they interfere with day-to-day activities.
Common PMS symptoms can include:
- Mood swings
- Depression or feelings of sadness
- Anxiety
- Aggression
- Irritability
- Trouble concentrating
- Fatigue
- Changes in appetite or food cravings
- Tension or feelings of being “on edge”
- Upset stomach or nausea
- Headaches
- Joint or muscle pain
- Bloating/weight gain
- Breast tenderness
- Acne
It is estimated that at least 20% to 40% of all women of childbearing age suffer from PMS to some degree.
Treatment and Management of PMS
At this time, there is no “cure” for PMS but there are numerous treatments and approaches. Experimentation and perseverance are often necessary to find the most effective treatments for managing and reducing the severity of PMS symptoms.
Treatment options may include:
- Lifestyle changes such as exercising regularly, eating a balanced diet, and avoiding caffeine, tobacco, alcohol, and stress.
- Hormone therapies. These may include birth control pills with estrogen and progestin or progesterone-only (“mini-pills” and Depo-Provera). Supplements or medications containing natural forms of medicine, including herbs, may also help but should not replace a doctor’s care.
- Counseling to reduce stress, depression, or anxiety.
It is important to talk to your doctor about the best treatment options for you. With the right combination of lifestyle changes, therapy, supplements, and/or medications, women with PMS can find relief and manage their symptoms.