Postoperative paralytic ileus
What is Postoperative Paralytic Ileus?
Postoperative paralytic ileus, also known as postoperative ileus, is a condition that arises after a surgical procedure involving the abdomen or intestines. It is characterized by abdominal discomfort, bloating, nausea, and vomiting. In this condition, the small intestines do not contract normally, causing a blockage in the digestive system. This can lead to an accumulation of gas and fluids resulting in abdominal pain, distention, and an inability to move food through the intestines.
What are the Causes of Postoperative Paralytic Ileus?
Postoperative paralytic ileus is due to disruption of the normal functioning of the gastro-intestinal muscles. This disruption may be caused by trauma during the surgical procedure or from the subsequent healing process. Other possible causes include:
- Nerve injury during surgery
- Medications that inhibit muscle contraction
- Infection in the abdominal area
- Inflammatory bowel disease
- A side effect of systemic diseases, such as diabetes, liver cirrhosis, and kidney disease
What are the Symptoms of Postoperative Paralytic Ileus?
The most common symptom of postoperative paralytic ileus is abdominal distention, which often worsens over time. Other symptoms may include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and constipation. Over time, the pain may become more severe and localized to the lower abdomen.
How is Postoperative Paralytic Ileus Treated?
The treatment of postoperative paralytic ileus depends upon its cause. The primary treatment is to reverse the underlying cause. This may include stopping medications that inhibit muscle contraction, treating any underlying infection, or allowing time for nerve injury to heal. In cases where the underlying cause is unclear, treatment may involve the administration of prokinetic medications, such as erythromycin, to increase motility of the gastrointestinal tract. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary.
Can Postoperative Paralytic Ileus Be Prevented?
The best way to prevent postoperative paralytic ileus is by ensuring proper healing of the abdomen or intestines following surgery. This includes taking preventive measures such as keeping the surgical area clean and free of infection, avoiding certain medications that inhibit muscle contraction, and maintaining good nutrition to provide necessary nutrients for healing.