Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States and globally, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) being the most common type. Many cases of NSCLC are initially diagnosed when the cancer is localized to the lung, which can offer a chance of survival that is significantly higher than when it is more advanced or has spread (metastasized). However, a form of NSCLC labeled “locally advanced” may not be removable by surgical procedures alone, as the cancer has spread beyond the boundaries of the lung and into adjacent tissue. Locally advanced NSCLC (LA-NSCLC) is considered to be stage III, and it is based upon the size of the tumor, the spread of cancer into the lymph nodes, and other criteria established by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM staging system.

Treatment of Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

The primary treatment approach for LA-NSCLC is a combination of both chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Chemotherapy helps to prevent cancer from spreading elsewhere in the body, while radiation therapy is used to reduce tumor size before surgery. In some cases, radiation therapy may be sufficient for eliminating the tumor, and surgery is not necessary. However, surgery may still be indicated for some patients. The type of chemotherapy used for LA-NSCLC may include the combination of cisplatin and etoposide (also known as PE or EP), as well as current standard gemcitabine and carboplatin (known as GC). The type of chemotherapy used will depend on the patient’s overall health and medical history, the size of the tumor, as well as other factors. In cases where surgery is still an option, a thoracotomy may be performed. This involves opening the chest wall and physically removing the tumor. Other potential treatment options for LA-NSCLC can include targeted therapies, such as immunotherapy, or alternative treatments such as herbal remedies. Ultimately, the treatment plan will be customized to meet the needs of each individual patient.

Risk Factors and Prognosis of Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Risk factors for developing LA-NSCLC include smoking, exposure to secondhand smoke, environmental pollutants, and a family history of lung cancer. The prognosis for patients with LA-NSCLC varies widely depending on factors such as the size of the tumor and the presence of metastases. Generally, a patient’s prognosis is better if the size of the tumor is small and if there is no evidence of metastatic spread. In addition, younger patients typically have a better prognosis than older patients. Ultimately, the best chance for survival involves early detection and prompt treatment.