Hemolytic Anemia

Hemolytic anemia is a type of anemia that occurs when red blood cells are destroyed at an abnormally fast rate. Anemia is usually caused by a lack of red blood cells in the body, but in this disorder, the body produces enough red cells, but the cells are destroyed too quickly. Hemolytic anemia can be inherited, or acquired through various conditions. Common causes include autoimmune disorders, certain infections, a reaction to medications, and injury to the spleen.

Symptoms

The most common symptoms of hemolytic anemia are fatigue, shortness of breath upon exertion, rapid heart rate, pale skin, yellow eyes and skin, and jaundice. Other symptoms may include abdominal pain, dark urine, headaches, confusion, dizziness, and cold hands and feet.

Treatment

The goal of treatment for hemolytic anemia is to stop the destruction of red blood cells. The treatment plan will depend on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition. Treatment may involve:

Blood transfusions to increase red blood cell levels
Medications to suppress the immune system
Corticosteroids to reduce inflammation
Plasma exchange to remove antibodies from the blood
Surgery to remove the spleen

Prevention

Since some cases of hemolytic anemia are inherited, prevention is not always possible. However, avoiding medications or other triggers that may cause acquired types of anemia can help reduce the risk. Additionally, receiving regular medical care can help improve symptoms and prevent long-term complications.