Food Allergy
What is a Food Allergy?
A food allergy is an adverse reaction to a food triggered by the immune system. The symptoms of a food allergy can range from mild to severe and can even result in anaphylaxis, a life-threatening condition.
Signs and Symptoms of a Food Allergy
Signs and symptoms of a food allergy can range from mild to severe. The most common symptoms include:
- Hives
- Itching or tingling in the mouth
- Swelling of the lips, face, tongue, and throat
- Shortness of breath or wheezing
- Nasal congestion
- Stomach cramps
- Nausea and vomiting
- Diarrhea
Risk Factors of a Food Allergy
Although anyone can develop a food allergy, there are certain risk factors that increase the chances of developing a food allergy. These risk factors include:
- Age - infants and young children are more likely to develop food allergies than adults.
- Family history - having a family history of allergies, such as eczema, asthma, or hay fever, can increase the risk of food allergies.
- Gender - boys are more likely to develop food allergies than girls.
Diagnosing a Food Allergy
If you suspect that you or a loved one has a food allergy, it is important to see an allergist for proper diagnosis and treatment. An allergist can use skin tests, blood tests, and food challenges to diagnose a food allergy.
Treating a Food Allergy
The only way to treat a food allergy is to avoid the food that is causing the reaction. An allergist can help create an individualized food avoidance plan and provide education regarding food labels and cross-contamination.
Preventing a Food Allergy
Mothers who are breastfeeding may be able to reduce the risk of food allergies in their infants by avoiding certain foods while breastfeeding. Additionally, introducing allergenic foods such as peanuts, dairy, eggs, fish, and wheat between 4-11 months in an age-appropriate form may help to reduce the risk of food allergy.