Erysipelas
What is Erysipelas?
Erysipelas is a bacterial skin infection that typically affects the face, arms, or legs. It's a common infection caused by a type of bacteria called group A Streptococcus, which also causes strep throat and scarlet fever. The infection causes painful, red patches to appear on the skin, usually in areas near the face and fingers. It can also affect internal areas of the body.
Symptoms and Complications
The symptoms of erysipelas can range from mild to severe and typically begin with a fever, chills, and general feeling of being unwell. Then, red and tender patches may appear. The patches can become raised and may even blister in a few days. The affected area may also be warm to the touch. Symptoms can last a few days or a couple of weeks.
More serious complications can include:
- Cellulitis (a skin infection that can spread to other areas)
- Lymphatic swelling (swelling of the lymph nodes)
- Sepsis (a potentially life-threatening complication of infection)
- Septic shock (a dramatic drop in blood pressure caused by infection)
- Gangrene (tissue death due to inadequate blood supply)
Causes
Erysipelas is caused by the group A Streptococcus bacteria. It's usually contracted through contact with an infected person or from cuts, scrapes, or other breaks in the skin. It can also be contracted in hospitals or nursing homes, where contact with bacteria can be more frequent.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Your doctor will diagnose erysipelas based on a physical exam of the affected area. They may also take a sample of the affected area and have it tested for the bacteria that causes erysipelas. This is usually done with a swab of the area. Treatment for erysipelas typically includes antibiotics, which can be taken orally or applied topically. In more severe cases, your doctor may recommend IV antibiotics. They may also recommend that you rest and apply compresses soaked in warm, salty water to the affected area.
Prevention
Erysipelas is contagious, so it's important to take steps to prevent it. Good hygiene is the best form of prevention as it reduces your risk of contact with the bacteria. Make sure you wash and dry your hands thoroughly, especially after being in contact with others or touching infected areas. Keep cuts and scrapes covered and clean. If you have erysipelas, stay away from others until you're feeling better. Your doctor may also recommend that you get a vaccine to protect against other infections caused by group A Streptococcus.