Convulsions

Understanding Convulsions

A convulsion is the medical term for a seizure. Seizures involve a disruption in the electrical activity of the brain, which results in an involuntary, uncontrolled spasm or series of spasms of the body. Most convulsions are short-lived and self-limiting. Seizures can also be symptoms of severe medical illness or mental health issues.

Types of Convulsions

Convulsions can be divided into two main categories: generalized and partial. Generalized convulsions involve the entire body, while partial convulsions involve only a localized area.

• Generalized seizures involve the whole body and may include symptoms such as:
  • loss of consciousness
  • loss of muscle control
  • jerking movements of the body
  • stiffening of the body
  • confusion or disorientation afterwards
• Partial seizures affect a localized area of the brain and associated body parts, depending on where the seizure originates from. Possible effects may include:
• twitching of facial muscles
• twitching of body parts, such as arms or legs
• sensation of numbness
• inability to speak

What Causes Convulsions?

The exact cause of a seizure can be difficult to determine. Some common causes of convulsions include:

• Stroke
• Brain tumors
• Head injuries
• Infections
• Inherited metabolic disorders
• Drug and alcohol use
• Epilepsy

Treating Convulsions

Treatment for convulsions depends on the underlying cause. If the cause is a medical illness, appropriate treatment should be sought. For those with epilepsy, medications are often prescribed to control and prevent seizures. In some cases, surgery may be necessary.

It is important to seek immediate medical care if you or someone else has a seizure. Inability to maintain consciousness for more than a few minutes is an emergency situation and should be immediately assessed.