Chronic Heart Failure (CHF)

Chronic Heart Failure (CHF) occurs when the heart is no longer able to pump effectively, leading to a range of symptoms, including fatigue, breathlessness and swelling of the extremities.

What Causes CHF?

CHF can be caused by many factors, including:

Ischemic heart disease (coronary artery disease)
Heart valve disorders, such as aortic stenosis or mitral regurgitation
High blood pressure or hypertension
Diabetes
Cardiomyopathy (disease of heart muscle)
Viral or bacterial infections, such as Lyme disease
Inflammatory conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis

What Are The Symptoms of CHF?

Symptoms of CHF can vary but may include:

Fatigue
Shortness of breath
Swollen legs, ankles, and feet
Cough
Increase in heart rate
Nausea
Confusion or disorientation
Weight gain

How is CHF Diagnosed?

A doctor may diagnose CHF based on the patient's symptoms and by performing a physical examination. Tests that may be used to diagnose CHF include:

Echocardiography (ultrasound of the heart)
Chest x-ray
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Stress test
Blood tests
Cardiac catheterization and angiography

How is CHF Treated?

Treatment of CHF depends on the underlying cause. Treatment may involve lifestyle changes, medications, and in some cases, implanted devices or surgery. Treatment may involve:

Medications to reduce symptoms and improve heart function.
Lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking, eating a healthy diet, and exercising regularly
implanted devices, such as a pacemaker or implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)
Surgery to repair damaged or defective heart valves.