Actinic Keratosis (AK)

Introduction to Actinic Keratosis (AK)

Actinic keratosis (AK), also referred to as solar keratosis, is a skin condition characterized by scaling, rough-textured patches on sun-exposed areas of the body. These patches are usually yellow, red, or brown in color, and can range in size from areas as small as 1/8 inch (3 mm) to 1 inch (2.5 cm) in diameter. AKs are usually caused by damage from frequent or long-term sun exposure, and people with fair skin, or those who are immunosuppressed, are at higher risk of developing AKs.

AKs are considered by doctors to be precancerous, meaning they can develop into skin cancer if left untreated. It’s important to talk to your doctor if you notice any changes in your skin, or if you develop any new spots that feel rough and scaly.

Symptoms of Actinic Keratosis (AK)

The most common symptom of AK is a patch of rough, scaly skin on sun-exposed areas such as the face, scalp, lips, eyelids, or ears. Other symptoms may include:

• Discolored patches of skin that may be red, yellow, or brown
• Small bumps, lesions, or warts
• Flaky patches of skin
• Itchiness, tenderness, or pain in the affected area

Treatment for Actinic Keratosis (AK)

AK can usually be treated with a topical cream or lotion prescribed by your dermatologist. Common treatments for AK include:

• Cryotherapy – involves freezing the affected area with liquid nitrogen
• Topical chemotherapy – involves applying a chemotherapy cream or medication directly to the skin
• Photodynamic therapy – involves exposing the affected area to a special light and a photoactive lotion
• Ablative laser – involves using a laser to carefully remove the affected skin

In some cases, surgery may be required to completely remove the affected area of skin. This option is usually reserved for severe cases of AK, or if there is a fear of the condition becoming cancerous.

Prevention of Actinic Keratosis (AK)

The best way to prevent AK is to limit your exposure to the sun, particularly during peak hours of sunshine (usually between 10am and 4pm). Whenever you are outside, make sure to stay in shaded areas as much as possible, and apply broad spectrum sunscreen (at least 30 SPF) before going outside. Wearing protective clothing (including a wide-brimmed hat, long sleeves, and pants) can also help protect your skin from the sun’s damaging rays.

If you already have AK, it’s important to talk to your doctor to ensure it doesn’t turn into skin cancer. Early detection and treatment are key to preventing further damage from the condition.