Acid-Base Imbalance
Acid-Base Imbalance: Causes and Treatments
Acid-base imbalance, also known as acidosis or alkalosis, is a condition in which the body’s normal acid-base balance is upset. This imbalance can cause a variety of symptoms and health risks, so understanding the causes and treatment options is important.
Causes of Acid-Base Imbalance
Acid-base imbalance is caused by a variety of factors. These include:
- Lung diseases, such as cystic fibrosis and asthma
- Kidney diseases
- Diabetes
- Certain medications
- Ingesting too much or too little acid or base
- Extreme stress or shock, burns, or trauma
Types of Acid-Base Imbalance
There are two main types of acid-base imbalance – acidosis and alkalosis. Acidosis occurs when there is an increase in acid in the body, while alkalosis is caused by an increase in base.
- Acidosis – Acidosis is usually caused by hyperventilation (breathing more quickly than normal) or kidney failure. Symptoms include excessive thirst, fatigue, trembling, confusion, nausea, vomiting, and rapid pulse. It is also associated with dehydration and diabetes.
- Alkalosis – Alkalosis is usually caused by hypoventilation (breathing more slowly than normal) or loss of stomach acids. Symptoms include lightheadedness, confusion, clumsiness, rapid pulse, and tingling in the hands and feet. It can also be caused by vomiting and laxative abuse.
Treatment of Acid-Base Imbalance
Treatment of acid-base imbalance depends on the type and cause. Common treatments include:
- Bicarbonate therapy for acidosis to make the body more alkaline
- IV fluids for dehydration
- Medicines that treat underlying conditions, such as insulin for diabetes
- Discontinuation of medications that are causing the imbalance
- Oxygen therapy for respiratory problems
It's important to consult with a healthcare professional if you experience any of the symptoms of an acid-base imbalance. Early diagnosis and treatment can help reduce the risks associated with this condition.