What is Uncomplicated Malignant Hypertension?
Uncomplicated malignant hypertension (also known as accelerated hypertension) is a type of rapidly progressive hypertension that can lead to end-organ damage and organ failure. It is usually diagnosed in people with a history of hypertension and the onset of specific symptoms including headaches, nosebleeds, blurred vision, and now swollen ankles and hands. The condition is characterized by high levels of blood pressure and persistent hypertension, often beyond the range of 150/100 mmHg.
Signs and Symptoms
- Headaches
- Nosebleeds
- Blurred vision
- Swollen ankles and hands
- Confusion
- Dizziness
- Chest pain
- Shortness of breath
- Rapid heartbeat
- Fatigue
Causes
Uncomplicated malignant hypertension is caused by a combination of both intrinsic and environmental factors. Intrinsic factors include abnormal medical conditions such as kidney problems, endocrine disorders, and medications. Excessive sodium intake as well as other dietary imbalances may also contribute to the condition. Additionally, psychological factors such as stress, anxiety, and depression may also play a role.
Treatment
Treatment for uncomplicated malignant hypertension focuses on lowering the patient's blood pressure. This can be done with lifestyle modifications, medications, or a combination of both. Lifestyle modifications may include diet and exercise, while medications typically involve angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). Additional treatments may include the use of diuretics or beta blockers to control blood pressure. In cases where lifestyle and medications are not effective, surgical intervention may be considered.
Complications
Uncomplicated malignant hypertension can lead to a number of serious health complications if not treated promptly and properly. These include stroke, heart attack, heart failure, kidney damage, and vision loss. If left untreated, complications can be life-threatening. Therefore, it is important to seek medical treatment as soon as possible.