Serum Sickness
What is Serum Sickness?
Serum sickness is an allergic reaction that can occur when a person is exposed to certain medications or antibodies, usually through injection. It usually occurs several days after exposure. It can cause symptoms that range from mild to severe. Commonly affected areas include the skin, lungs, joints, and lymph nodes.
Serum sickness may be caused by a range of medications, including antibiotics, antifungals, vaccines, and antivenins. The most common trigger is a drug called beta-lactam antibiotics (including penicillin and related antibiotics). Less common triggers include vaccines and antivenoms.
Symptoms of Serum Sickness
Common symptoms of serum sickness include:
- Fever
- Itching or hives
- Joint pain
- Swollen lymph nodes
- Nausea or vomiting
- Headache
- Fatigue
- Rash
Complications of Serum Sickness
If left untreated, serum sickness can lead to a range of complications, including:
- Arthritis
- Respiratory distress
- Kidney damage
- Gastrointestinal problems
- Anaphylaxis
Treatment of Serum Sickness
Treatment of serum sickness depends on the severity of the reaction. In some cases, no treatment is needed. In others, medications such as antihistamines, corticosteroids, or immunosuppressants may be prescribed to reduce the severity of the symptoms. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary.
Prevention of Serum Sickness
The best way to prevent serum sickness is to avoid exposure to the medications or antibodies that can cause it. If you are prescribed a medication that could potentially cause serum sickness, be sure to take it as prescribed and follow your doctor's instructions closely.