Rheumatic heart disease
What is Rheumatic Heart Disease?
Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) is a chronic, auto-immune disorder that affects the cardiovascular system. It is caused by an untreated infection with a bacterium called Streptococcus pyogenes, also known as the Streptococcus group A streptococcus (GAS). Rheumatic Heart Disease can cause a wide range of symptoms including heart murmurs, irregular heart beats, congestive heart failure, and even heart valve damage.
Rheumatic Heart Disease usually develops in childhood and affects the heart valves, where the heart muscles weaken and become unable to efficiently pump blood. This can lead to changes in blood pressure, shortness of breath, fatigue, and an increased risk of stroke or heart attack.
Risk Factors
The most common risk factors associated with Rheumatic Heart Disease include:
- Family history of Rheumatic Heart Disease or any other autoimmune disorders.
- Untreated strep throat or scarlet fever in childhood.
- Living in high-risk areas that are prone to streptococcal infections.
- Poor nutrition.
- Exposure to tobacco smoke and other air pollutants.
- Lack of access to healthcare.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis of Rheumatic Heart Disease involves tests such as an echocardiogram, electrocardiogram, and a physical examination. Treatment of Rheumatic Heart Disease typically involves antibiotics to prevent the spread of strep infections. Additional treatments may include surgery to repair any damaged valves, or medications to reduce inflammation and reduce the risk of future infection.
Prevention
The best way to prevent Rheumatic Heart Disease is to get prompt treatment for strep infections. Vaccines are available for children and adults to help prevent strep infections. Additionally, good hygiene habits can help to reduce the spread of strep infections in households and communities.