Lymphoedema
What is Lymphoedema?
Lymphoedema is an accumulation of fluid in the connective tissue, or soft body tissue, which can cause swelling in areas such as arms, legs, hands, feet, face, and other areas of the body. Lymphoedema is caused by the lymphatic system malfunctioning, and it can results in a decrease in the body’s ability to move fluid and proteins around the body and can also result in the formation of fluid-filled sacs (called cysts).
Signs and Symptoms
Symptoms of lymphoedema can include:
- Swelling in any part of the body
- A feeling of heaviness in the affected area
- Aching pain in the affected area
- Changes in skin texture and the formation of hard, fibrous areas
- Restricted mobility in the affected area
- Repeated or prolonged infection of the affected area
Risk Factors
Lymphoedema can occur in people of any age, but is more common in older people. It is also more common in women than in men. Risk factors for developing lymphoedema include:
- Past cancer and cancer treatment
- Infection
- Obesity
- Obstructive lymph nodes or vessels, or a blockage in the flow of lymph
- Chronic skin inflammation (such as eczema or dermatitis)
- Prolonged immobility
- Surgery
- Radiation therapy
Diagnosis
A doctor will look for swelling, skin changes, and scarring or fibrosis in the affected area to diagnose lymphoedema. They will also ask questions about your medical history and check your blood pressure. They may also take blood samples to check for signs of infection, or do an imaging test such as an X-ray or an ultrasound.
Treatment
The goal of treatment for lymphoedema is to reduce the swelling, improve the function of the affected area, and reduce discomfort. Treatment options will vary depending on the cause and severity of the lymphoedema, but may include:
- Compression therapy: Compression garments such as gloves, stockings, or sleeves are worn to help reduce swelling.
- Exercise: Regular exercise can help reduce the swelling and improve the function of the affected area.
- Diet and lifestyle changes: Maintaining a healthy diet and lifestyle, such as avoiding alcohol and smoking, can help reduce the risk of developing complications.
- Surgery: Surgery may be recommended to remove the lymphatic blockage or to reduce the size of cysts.
- Drainage: Manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) is a specialized massage technique that helps to reduce the swelling.