Liver fluke infection
What is Liver Fluke Infection?
Liver fluke infection, also known as fascioliasis, is a parasitic infection caused by two species of liver flukes, Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica. The infection usually occurs after eating contaminated vegetables, such as watercress, or drinking untreated water. It can also occur from contact with contaminated soil or animal source, such as sheep and cattle. Symptoms can range from mild to severe and can take weeks to appear.
Symptoms of Liver Fluke Infection
The symptoms of liver fluke infection can vary depending on the stage of the infection. In the early stages, the symptoms may include abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, abdominal distention, loss of appetite, fever, and weight loss. In the late stages, the patient may present with enlargement of the liver, jaundice, ascites, and extreme weakness or fatigue.
Complications
If left untreated, liver fluke infection can lead to serious complications such as liver abscesses, portal hypertension, and even liver cancer. It can also cause severe malnutrition, anemia, and even death.
Treatment
The first line of treatment for liver fluke infection is antiparasitic medications, such as triclabendazole and nitazoxanide. In cases of severe infection, surgery may be recommended to remove any cysts. In addition, supportive treatment such as bed rest, fluids, and nutrition can be helpful.
Prevention
The best way to prevent liver fluke infection is to avoid eating contaminated vegetables and drinking untreated water. Other preventive measures include wearing protective clothing when in contact with contaminated soil or animal sources, washing hands frequently, and avoiding undercooked meat.
Risk Factors
The risk factors for liver fluke infection include living in areas where the flukes are endemic, such as South America, Africa, and Asia, eating raw or undercooked vegetables, and contact with contaminated soil or animal sources. Pregnant women and people with compromised immune systems are also more likely to be infected.
Complications of Liver Fluke Infection
- Liver abscess
- Portal hypertension
- Liver cancer
- Severe malnutrition
- Anemia
- Death