Gingivostomatitis

What is Gingivostomatitis?

Gingivostomatitis is an infection of the gums and mouth that causes inflammation of the gum tissue (gingiva), as well as sores on the inside of the cheeks, lips, and tongue. It is usually caused by a virus, most commonly the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1).

Symptoms of Gingivostomatitis

During an episode of gingivostomatitis, symptoms may include:

• Painful, swollen gums
• Sores and ulcers on the tongue, inside of the cheeks, and sometimes on the lips
• Burning pain in the mouth and throat
• Fever, headache, nausea, and general feeling of illness
• Difficulty eating and drinking
• Enlarged lymph nodes in the neck and jaw

Diagnosis and Treatment of Gingivostomatitis

Gingivostomatitis is usually diagnosed based on the symptoms and a physical exam. To confirm the diagnosis, a swab may be obtained from an inflamed area in the mouth and tested for the presence of the herpes simplex virus. In many cases, however, the diagnosis is made based on the symptoms.

Treatment for gingivostomatitis usually involves taking over-the-counter pain medications such as ibuprofen (Advil) or acetaminophen (Tylenol) and avoiding acidic, salty, and spicy foods. A baking soda and salt mouth rinse may also be used to help reduce pain and speed healing. In severe cases, or if the infection does not improve with home care, a doctor may prescribe antiviral medications.

Conclusion

Gingivostomatitis is an infection of the gums and mouth caused by a virus, typically the herpes simplex virus type 1. Symptoms include pain, swelling, sores, burning pain, fever, and enlarged lymph nodes. The condition is usually diagnosed based on the symptoms and treated with over-the-counter pain medications and home care. In severe cases, a doctor may prescribe antiviral medications.