Esophagus

The esophagus is a long, muscular tube that connects the throat (pharynx) to the stomach. It's an important part of the digestive tract. The esophagus moves food and liquids from the throat to the stomach by a process called peristalsis. This is the wave-like motion of the muscles of the esophagus that pushes food down to the stomach. The process is triggered when the tongue pushes food to the back of the mouth.

The esophagus is lined with mucous membranes that produce a special fluid to help food move down to the stomach. At the lower end of the esophagus, there is a small opening called the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). This opening prevents food and stomach acid from travelling back up into the throat.

Functions of the Esophagus:

Moves food and liquids from the throat to the stomach
Prevents food and stomach acid from travelling back up into the throat
Contains special mucous membranes that produce a special fluid to help food move down to the stomach
Contains a small ringlike muscle called the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) at the lower end of the esophagus

Common Conditions of the Esophagus:

GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
Esophagitis (Inflammation of the Esophagus)
Esophageal Cancer
Esophageal Strictures
Achalasia (Failure of LES to Relax)
Esophageal Diverticula (Herniations)

Most esophageal conditions can be treated and managed with lifestyle changes, medications, and sometimes surgery. It's important to speak with your doctor or healthcare provider if you are experiencing symptoms such as pain, difficulty swallowing, or inappropriate regurgitation.