Chronic immune thrombocytopenia

Chronic immune thrombocytopenia

Chronic immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder in which the body's natural defense system mistakenly attacks and destroys healthy platelets. Platelets are the part of the blood that helps form clots to stop bleeding. Chronic ITP is also known as chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. It is relatively uncommon and is estimated to affect 1 in 10,000 people.

The symptoms of chronic ITP are variable. Some patients may have no signs or symptoms. In other cases, symptoms may include easy bruising, nosebleeds, and bleeding gums. In more severe cases, bleeding in the abdomen, brain, or other organs can occur.

Chronic ITP is usually caused by an abnormal immune system. In the majority of cases, the cause is unknown, and it is referred to as idiopathic ITP. In some cases, it can be caused by exposure to certain medications, chronic viral infections, or as a consequence of another autoimmune disorder.

The diagnosis of chronic ITP is based on history, physical examination, and laboratory tests. Blood tests may show a much lower platelet count than normal and diagnostic imaging tests, such as abdominal ultrasound, may be performed to exclude other disorders.

Treatment

Treatment for chronic ITP is aimed at raising the platelet count to a safe level. If there are no signs of bleeding, the doctor might suggest a period of watchful waiting to see if the condition resolves itself. Treatment options may include medications, such as corticosteroids and immune-suppressing agents, or splenectomy (surgical removal of the spleen).

In most cases, chronic ITP can be managed with medications. The goal of treatment is to keep the platelet count high enough to prevent bleeding. Treatment is individualized based on the patient's age, overall health, and the severity of the symptoms. Treatment may also be changed and adjusted over time if it stops working or the platelet count begins to drop.

Monitoring is also important to ensure that the treatments are being effective. Blood tests are usually performed at regular intervals to check the platelet count and rule out any serious side effects from the treatment. The patient should also be monitored for any signs of bleeding or other symptoms associated with severe ITP.