Ascites
What is Ascites?
Ascites is a condition in which fluid accumulates in the abdominal cavity. This condition most commonly occurs in people who have liver cirrhosis or other advanced liver diseases. The fluid buildup causes the abdomen to swell and makes breathing difficult. Ascites is also referred to as abdominal or peritoneal effusion. It is a serious condition that can lead to life-threatening complications if left untreated.
Causes of Ascites
Ascites can be caused by a variety of conditions including:
- Liver cirrhosis
- Hepatitis C
- Liver cancer
- Kidney disease
- Lymphoma
- Gastrointestinal cancers
Symptoms of Ascites
The main symptom of ascites is abdominal swelling, which can cause a distended abdomen and increased waist size. Other symptoms include:
- Shortness of breath
- Nausea and vomiting
- Loss of appetite
- Weight gain
- Weakness and fatigue
- Abdominal pain
- Abdominal bloating
- Changes in bowel habits
Complications of Ascites
Ascites can cause a variety of complications, including:
- Peritonitis: Inflammation of the lining of the abdominal cavity due to bacteria that enters the fluid around the intestines.
- Infection: Bacteria can enter the abdominal cavity and cause infection.
- Hernia: Weakness in the abdominal walls can lead to a hernia, which can cause severe abdominal pain.
- Kidney failure/renal failure: Accumulation of fluid can put extra strain on the kidneys and lead to kidney failure.
Treatment of Ascites
Treatment for ascites depends on the underlying cause and can include:
- Medications: Diuretics can help remove excess fluid from the abdomen. Other medications can help reduce the amount of fluid produced by the body and make it easier for the body to excrete the remaining fluid.
- Diet: A low-sodium diet is recommended to reduce the amount of fluid in the body.
- Surgery: If the underlying cause of ascites is a hernia, surgery may be required to repair it.
- Paracentesis: A procedure in which a needle is inserted into the abdominal cavity to remove fluid from the abdomen.
- Dialysis: If kidney failure has occurred due to ascites, dialysis may be necessary.