Acute Hepatitis

Acute hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver that causes sudden, severe damage and can be caused by a variety of viruses, medications and even alcohol. Symptoms of acute hepatitis include jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), fatigue, nausea, abdominal pain, and an enlarged liver. Left untreated, acute hepatitis can lead to serious complications including liver failure and death.

Causes of Acute Hepatitis

Acute hepatitis is usually caused by one of the following:

Hepatitis A virus: A contagious virus that is spread when a person comes in contact with contaminated stool.
Hepatitis B virus: An infectious virus that is spread through contact with an infected person's blood, semen, and other body fluids.
Hepatitis C virus: A contagious virus that is spread when a person comes in contact with infected blood.
Medications: Some medications (such as acetaminophen, NSAIDs, and some antibiotics) can cause acute hepatitis.
Alcohol: Excessive alcohol consumption can cause acute hepatitis.

Symptoms of Acute Hepatitis

Individuals with acute hepatitis may experience some or all of the following symptoms:

Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)
Fatigue
Nausea
Abdominal pain
Dark urine
Light-colored stools
Poor appetite
Enlarged liver

Treatment for Acute Hepatitis

Treatment for acute hepatitis varies depending on the cause, but generally includes rest, adequate nutrition, and avoiding contact with contaminated bodily fluids. Medications may be prescribed to reduce inflammation and reduce the risk of complications. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary.

Complications of Acute Hepatitis

Left untreated, acute hepatitis can lead to serious complications including:

Liver failure
Liver cancer
Scarring of the liver (cirrhosis)
Death

Preventing Acute Hepatitis

To reduce the risk of developing acute hepatitis, individuals should:

Avoid contact with anyone who has symptoms of a hepatitis virus (e.g., jaundice, dark urine, light-colored stool).
Practice safe sex.
Wash hands thoroughly after using the restroom.
Avoid sharing needles, personal items, and food.
Vaccinate against hepatitis A and B.
Limit alcohol consumption.