Rifabutinum

Rifabutinum Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.

A broad-spectrum antibiotic that is being used as prophylaxis against disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection in HIV-positive patients.

Rifabutinum is an antibiotic that inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity in susceptible cells. Specifically, it interacts with bacterial RNA polymerase but does not inhibit the mammalian enzyme. It is bactericidal and has a very broad spectrum of activity against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms (including Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and specifically Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Because of rapid emergence of resistant bacteria, use is restricted to treatment of mycobacterial infections and a few other indications. Rifabutinum is well absorbed when taken orally and is distributed widely in body tissues and fluids, including the CSF. It is metabolized in the liver and eliminated in bile and, to a much lesser extent, in urine, but dose adjustments are unnecessary with renal insufficiency.

Trade Name Rifabutinum
Availability Prescription only
Generic Rifabutin
Rifabutin Other Names Ansamicin, Ansamycin, Rifabutin, Rifabutina, Rifabutine, Rifabutinum
Related Drugs ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, Zithromax, clarithromycin, rifampin, isoniazid, Biaxin, ethambutol, bcg, Rifadin
Type
Formula C46H62N4O11
Weight Average: 847.0047
Monoisotopic: 846.441508846
Protein binding

85%

Groups Approved, Investigational
Therapeutic Class
Manufacturer
Available Country
Last Updated: September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am
Rifabutinum
Rifabutinum

Uses

Rifabutinum is an antibiotic used to treat mycobacterium avium complex disease in patients with HIV.

For the prevention of disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) disease in patients with advanced HIV infection.

Rifabutinum is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Helicobacter Pylori Infection, Mycobacterium avium complex infection, Tuberculosis (TB), Late phase Tuberculosis

How Rifabutinum works

Rifabutinum acts via the inhibition of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase in gram-positive and some gram-negative bacteria, leading to a suppression of RNA synthesis and cell death.

Toxicity

LD50 = 4.8 g/kg (mouse, male)

Food Interaction

  • Take with or without food. For those patients with propensity to nausea, vomiting, or other gastrointestinal upset, taking with food may be useful.

Rifabutinum Disease Interaction

Major: colitis, TBModerate: neutropenia/thrombocytopenia

Elimination Route

Rifabutinum is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, with an absolute bioavailability averaging 20%.

Half Life

45 (± 17) hours

Clearance

  • 0.69 +/- 0.32 L/hr/kg

Elimination Route

A mass-balance study in three healthy adult volunteers with 14C-labeled rifabutin showed that 53% of the oral dose was excreted in the urine, primarily as metabolites. About 30% of the dose is excreted in the feces.

Innovators Monograph

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*** Taking medicines without doctor's advice can cause long-term problems.
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