ethionamide
ethionamide Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.
A second-line antitubercular agent that inhibits mycolic acid synthesis. It also may be used for treatment of leprosy. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p868)
Ethinamate is bacteriostatic against M. tuberculosis. In a study examining ethionamide resistance, ethionamide administered orally initially decreased the number of culturable Mycobacterium tuberculosis organisms from the lungs of H37Rv infected mice. Drug resistance developed with continued ethionamide monotherapy, but did not occur when mice received ethionamide in combination with streptomycin or isoniazid.
| Trade Name | ethionamide |
| Availability | Prescription only |
| Generic | Ethionamide |
| Ethionamide Other Names | Ethinamide, Ethionamide, Ethionamidum, Ethioniamide, Ethylisothiamide, Ethyonomide, Etionamid, Etionamida, Etionamide, Etioniamid |
| Related Drugs | ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, Levaquin, rifampin |
| Weight | 250mg |
| Type | Tablet, Film Coated, Oral Tablet |
| Formula | C8H10N2S |
| Weight | Average: 166.243 Monoisotopic: 166.05646902 |
| Protein binding | Approximately 30% bound to proteins. |
| Groups | Approved |
| Therapeutic Class | |
| Manufacturer | Macleods Pharmaceuticals Ltd, |
| Available Country | Saudi Arabia, United States |
| Last Updated: | September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am |
Uses
ethionamide is a second line antitubercular agent used to treat tuberculosis when other treatments have failed.
For use in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis when other antitubercular drugs have failed.
ethionamide is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Active Tuberculosis
How ethionamide works
ethionamide may be bacteriostatic or bactericidal in action, depending on the concentration of the drug attained at the site of infection and the susceptibility of the infecting organism. ethionamide, like prothionamide and pyrazinamide, is a nicotinic acid derivative related to isoniazid. It is thought that ethionamide undergoes intracellular modification and acts in a similar fashion to isoniazid. Isoniazid inhibits the synthesis of mycoloic acids, an essential component of the bacterial cell wall. Specifically isoniazid inhibits InhA, the enoyl reductase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, by forming a covalent adduct with the NAD cofactor. It is the INH-NAD adduct that acts as a slow, tight-binding competitive inhibitor of InhA.
Toxicity
Symptoms of overdose include convulsions, nausea, and vomiting.
Food Interaction
- Take with or without food. Taking ethionamide with food may reduce gastrointestinal upset.
ethionamide Alcohol interaction
[Major] GENERALLY AVOID:
The concomitant use of protionamide with alcohol may enhance the central nervous system exciting effect of protionamide.
The mechanism is not known.
Excessive use of alcohol with another thiocarbamide derivative ethionamide, has been reported to precipitate a psychotic reaction.
In addition, alcohol tolerance is reported to be reduced during protionamide treatment.
Consumption of alcohol during protionamide treatment should be avoided.
The manufacturer of ethionamide also advises that excess alcohol consumption should be avoided during ethionamide therapy (US).
ethionamide Drug Interaction
Unknown: aspirin, aspirin, dexamethasone, dexamethasone, dextran, low molecular weight, dextran, low molecular weight, epoetin alfa, epoetin alfa, acetaminophen, acetaminophen, valproic acid, valproic acid, multivitamin, multivitamin, cyanocobalamin, cyanocobalamin, riboflavin, riboflavin, pyridoxine, pyridoxine
ethionamide Disease Interaction
Major: hepatotoxicity, liver disease, peripheral neuropathyModerate: diabetes mellitus
Volume of Distribution
- 93.5 L [healthy volunteers]
Elimination Route
Essentially completely absorbed following oral administration and not subjected to any appreciable first pass metabolism. Bioavailability approximately 100%.
Half Life
2 to 3 hours
Elimination Route
Less than 1% of the oral dose is excreted as ethionamide in urine. ethionamide is extensively metabolized to active and inactive metabolites.
Innovators Monograph
You find simplified version here ethionamide
