Pyridoxine
Pyridoxine Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.
Pyridoxine is a water-soluble vitamin which functions in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fats. It is essential in Hb formation and GABA synthesis within the CNS. It also aids in the release of glycogen stored in the liver and muscles.
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) is a water-soluble vitamin used in the prophylaxis and treatment of vitamin B6 deficiency and peripheral neuropathy in those receiving isoniazid (isonicotinic acid hydrazide, INH). Vitamin B6 has been found to lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure in a small group of subjects with essential hypertension. Hypertension is another risk factor for atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Another study showed pyridoxine hydrochloride to inhibit ADP- or epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation and to lower total cholesterol levels and increase HDL-cholesterol levels, again in a small group of subjects. Vitamin B6, in the form of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, was found to protect vascular endothelial cells in culture from injury by activated platelets. Endothelial injury and dysfunction are critical initiating events in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Human studies have demonstrated that vitamin B6 deficiency affects cellular and humoral responses of the immune system. Vitamin B6 deficiency results in altered lymphocyte differentiation and maturation, reduced delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses, impaired antibody production, decreased lymphocyte proliferation and decreased interleukin (IL)-2 production, among other immunologic activities.
| Trade Name | Pyridoxine |
| Availability | Rx and/or OTC |
| Generic | Pyridoxine |
| Pyridoxine Other Names | Piridoxina, Pyridoxine, Pyridoxinum, Pyridoxol, Vitamin B6 |
| Related Drugs | hydroxyzine, lorazepam, ondansetron, diazepam, topiramate, Zofran, meclizine, promethazine, levetiracetam, Keppra |
| Weight | 20mg, , 40mg, 100mg/ml |
| Type | Tablet, Injectable Solution, Oral Capsule, Oral Tablet, Injection |
| Formula | C8H11NO3 |
| Weight | Average: 169.1778 Monoisotopic: 169.073893223 |
| Protein binding | Pyridoxine main active metabolite, pyridoxal 5’-phosphate, is released into the circulation (accounting for at least 60% of circulating vitamin B6) and is highly protein bound, primarily to albumin. |
| Groups | Approved, Investigational, Nutraceutical, Vet approved |
| Therapeutic Class | Vitamin-B preparations |
| Manufacturer | Essential Drugs Company Ltd, Wockhardt Uk Ltd, Wockhardt Limited, Ikapharmindo Putramas |
| Available Country | Bangladesh, United Kingdom, India, United States, Indonesia |
| Last Updated: | September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am |
Uses
Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) is used to prevent or treat low levels of vitamin B6 in people who do not get enough of the vitamin from their diets. Most people who eat a normal diet do not need extra vitamin B6. However, some conditions (such as alcoholism, liver disease, overactive thyroid, heart failure) or medications (such as isoniazid, cycloserine, hydralazine, penicillamine) can cause low levels of vitamin B6. Vitamin B6 plays an important role in the body. It is needed to maintain the health of nerves, skin, and red blood cells.
Pyridoxine has been used to prevent or treat a certain nerve disorder (peripheral neuropathy) caused by certain medications (such as isoniazid). It has also been used to treat certain hereditary disorders (such as xanthurenic aciduria, hyperoxaluria, homocystinuria).
Pyridoxine is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Backache, Dizziness, Fever, Headache, Hepatic; Functional Disturbance, Hepatitis, Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA), Ketosis, Macrocytic anemia, Menière's Disease, Menstrual Distress (Dysmenorrhea), Metabolic Acidosis, Motion Sickness, Nausea and vomiting, Neuralgia, Sciatic, Neuritis, Neurological Conditions caused by B Vitamin Deficiency, Secondary anemia, Soreness, Muscle, Toothache, Toxinfectious state, Trigeminal Neuralgia (TN), Vitamin B1 deficiency, Vitamin B12 Deficiency, Vitamin B6 Deficiency, Vitamin Deficiency, Minor aches and pains, Minor pain, Nutritional supplementation, Supplementation, Vitamin supplementation, Wellness of the Liver
How Pyridoxine works
Vitamin B6 is the collective term for a group of three related compounds, pyridoxine (PN), pyridoxal (PL) and pyridoxamine (PM), and their phosphorylated derivatives, pyridoxine 5'-phosphate (PNP), pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) and pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate (PMP). Although all six of these compounds should technically be referred to as vitamin B6, the term vitamin B6 is commonly used interchangeably with just one of them, pyridoxine. Vitamin B6, principally in its biologically active coenzyme form pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, is involved in a wide range of biochemical reactions, including the metabolism of amino acids and glycogen, the synthesis of nucleic acids, hemogloblin, sphingomyelin and other sphingolipids, and the synthesis of the neurotransmitters serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
Dosage
Pyridoxine dosage
ADULTS:
BY MOUTH:
- For hereditary sideroblastic anemia: Initially, 200-600 mg of vitamin B6 is used. The dose is decreased to 30-50 mg per day after an adequate response.
- For vitamin B6 deficiency: In most adults, the typical dose is 2.5-25 mg daily for three weeks then 1.5-2.5 mg per day thereafter. In women taking birth control pills, the dose is 25-30 mg per day.
- For abnormally high levels of homocysteine in the blood: For reducing high levels of homocysteine in the blood after childbirth, 50-200 mg of vitamin B6 has been taken alone. Also, 100 mg of vitamin B6 has been taken in combination with 0.5 mg of folic acid.
- For preventing macular degeneration: 50 mg of vitamin B6 in the form of pyridoxine has been used daily in combination with 1000 mcg of vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) 1000 mcg and 2500 mcg of folic acid for about 7 years.
- For hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis): A specific supplement (Kyolic, Total Heart Health, Formula 108, Wakunga) containing 250 mg of aged garlic extract, 100 mcg of vitamin B12, 300 mcg of folic acid, 12.5 mg of vitamin B6, and 100 mg of L-argininedaily for 12 months.
- For kidney stones: 25-500 mg of vitamin B6 has been used daily.
- For nausea during pregnancy: 10-25 mg of vitamin B6 taken three or four times per day has been used. In people who don't respond to vitamin B6 alone, a combination product containing vitamin B6 and the drug doxylamine (Diclectin, Duchesnay Inc.) is used three or four times per day. Also, another product containing 75 mg of vitamin B6, 12 mcg of vitamin B12, 1 mg of folic acid, and 200 mg of calcium (PremesisRx, KV Pharmaceuticals) is used daily.
- For symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS): 50-100 mg of vitamin B6 is used daily, alone or along with 200 mg of magnesium.
- For treating tardive dyskinesia: 100 mg of vitamin B6 per day has been increased weekly up to 400 mg per day, given in two divided doses.
INJECTED INTO THE MUSCLE:
- Hereditary sideroblastic anemia: 250 mg of vitamin B6 daily, reduced to 250 mg of vitamin B6 weekly once adequate response is achieved.
CHILDREN:
BY MOUTH:
- For kidney stones: Up to 20 mg/kg daily in children aged 5 years and up.
INJECTED INTO THE VEIN OR MUSCLE:
- For seizures that respond to vitamin B6 (pyridoxine-dependent seizures): 10-100 mg is recommended.
The daily recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) of vitamin B6 are:
- Infants 0-6 months, 0.1 mg
- Infants 7-12 months, 0.3 mg
- Children 1-3 years, 0.5 mg
- Children 4-8 years, 0.6 mg
- Children 9-13 years, 1 mg
- Males 14-50 years, 1.3 mg
- Males over 50 years, 1.7 mg
- Females 14-18 years, 1.2 mg
- Females 19-50 years, 1.3 mg
- Females over 50 years, 1.5 mg
- Pregnant women, 1.9 mg
- Breast-feeding women, 2 mg
- Some researchers think the RDA for women 19-50 years should be increased to 1.5-1.7 mg per day.
The recommended maximum daily intake is:
- Children 1-3 years, 30 mg
- Children 4-8 years, 40 mg
- Children 9-13 years, 60 mg
Adults, pregnant and breast-feeding women:
- 14-18 years, 80 mg
- over 18 years, 100 mg
Side Effects
Pyridoxine usually has no side effects when used in recommended doses.
If your doctor has prescribed this medication, remember that he or she has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects.
Pyridoxine can cause side effects when taken in large doses for a long time. Tell your doctor right away if any of these unlikely but serious side effects occur: headache, nausea, drowsiness, numbness/tingling of arms/legs.
A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is rare. However, seek immediate medical attention if you notice any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction, including: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing.
This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.
Toxicity
Oral Rat LD50 = 4 gm/kg. Toxic effects include convulsions, dyspnea, hypermotility, diarrhea, ataxia and muscle weakness.
Precaution
Before taking pyridoxine, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or if you have any other allergies. This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for more details.
During pregnancy, this vitamin has been found to be safe when used in recommended doses.
This vitamin passes into breast milk and is considered to be safe during breast-feeding when used in recommended doses. Consult your doctor for more information.
Interaction
The effects of some drugs can change if you take other drugs or herbal products at the same time. This can increase your risk for serious side effects or may cause your medications not to work correctly. These drug interactions are possible, but do not always occur. Your doctor or pharmacist can often prevent or manage interactions by changing how you use your medications or by close monitoring.
To help your doctor and pharmacist give you the best care, be sure to tell your doctor and pharmacist about all the products you use (including prescription drugs, nonprescription drugs, and herbal products) before starting treatment with this product. While using this product, do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any other medicines you are using without your doctor's approval.
Some products that may interact with this vitamin include: altretamine, cisplatin, phenytoin.
This vitamin may interfere with certain laboratory tests (including urine test for urobilinogen), possibly causing false test results. Make sure laboratory personnel and all your doctors know you use this vitamin.
Food Interaction
No interactions found.Pyridoxine Disease Interaction
Volume of Distribution
Pyridoxine main active metabolite, pyridoxal 5’-phosphate, is released into the circulation (accounting for at least 60% of circulating vitamin B6) and is highly protein bound, primarily to albumin.
Elimination Route
The B vitamins are readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, except in malabsorption syndromes. Pyridoxine is absorbed mainly in the jejunum. The Cmax of pyridoxine is achieved within 5.5 hours.
Half Life
The total adult body pool consists of 16 to 25 mg of pyridoxine. Its half-life appears to be 15 to 20 days.
Elimination Route
The major metabolite of pyridoxine, 4-pyridoxic acid, is inactive and is excreted in urine
Pregnancy & Breastfeeding use
Category A: Controlled studies in women fail to demonstrate a risk to the foetus in the 1st trimester (and there is no evidence of a risk in later trimesters), and the possibility of foetal harm remains remote.
Innovators Monograph
You find simplified version here Pyridoxine
Pyridoxine contains Pyridoxine see full prescribing information from innovator Pyridoxine Monograph, Pyridoxine MSDS, Pyridoxine FDA label
FAQ
What is Pyridoxine used for?
Pyridoxine is used to treat and prevent vitamin B6 deficiency resulting from poor diet, certain medications, and some medical conditions.
How safe is Pyridoxine?
Taking Pyridoxine in doses of 100 mg daily or less is generally considered to be safe.Pyridoxine is possibly safe when taken in doses of 101-200 mg daily.
How does Pyridoxine work?
Pyridoxine working by significant to protein, fat and carbohydrate metabolism and the creation of red blood cells and neurotransmitters.
What are the common side effects of Pyridoxine?
Common side effects of Pyridoxine are include:
- Decreased folic acid.
- Decreased sensation.
- Headache.
- Loss of appetite.
- Nausea.
- Numbness and tingling.
- Sensory nerve damage.
- Sleepiness.
Is Pyridoxine safe during pregnancy?
Pyridoxine supplementation is not recommended for pregnant women to improve maternal and perinatal outcomes.
Is Pyridoxine safe during breastfeeding?
Yes, Pyridoxine is safe to take while breastfeeding.Pyridoxine needs are increased during lactation.Concentrations in breast milk are directly proportional to dietary intake.
Very large Pyridoxine doses are reported to inhibit lactation; doses closer to physiologic levels had no effect on lactation.
Can I drink alcohol with Pyridoxine?
Do not drink alcohol while taking Pyridoxine.
What is the best time to take Pyridoxine?
You can take Pyridoxine either before or after food. There are several different strengths of tablet available, so each time you collect a new supply it is a good idea to check the label to make sure it is the strength you are expecting.
How long does Pyridoxine stay in my body?
Pyridoxine is water-soluble, it has a half-life of 25–33 days and accumulates in the body where it is stored in muscle, plasma, the liver, red blood cells and bound to proteins in tissues.
Is Pyridoxine a vitamin?
Pyridoxine is a water-soluble vitamin found naturally in many foods, as well as added to foods and supplements.
Does Pyridoxine cause weight gain?
The bottom line is, Pyridoxine will not cause unwanted weight gain and if you are dieting, you should always take a daily to help preserve muscle.
Who should not take Pyridoxine?
Most people who eat a normal diet do not need extra vitamin B6. However, some conditions or medications can cause low levels of vitamin B6.Tell each of your healthcare providers about all your medical conditions, allergies, and all medicines you use.
Can Pyridoxine be harmful?
Taking high levels of Pyridoxine from supplements for a year or longer can cause severe nerve damage, leading people to lose control of their bodily movements.
Can Pyridoxine cause liver damage?
There is no evidence that the other Pyridoxine, in physiologic or even super-physiologic high doses cause liver injury or jaundice.
Can I take Pyridoxine for a long time?
Pyridoxine can cause side effects when taken in large doses for a long time.
Can I stop taking Pyridoxine?
Do not stop, or change the dosage of any medicines without your doctor's approval.
Can I take pyridoxine at night?
Adults 1 tablet taken at bedtime. If symptoms are controlled the following day, continue taking 1 tablet at bedtime. If symptoms persists on Day 2, take 1 tablet in the morning and 1 tablet at bedtime.
What happens if I miss a dose of Pyridoxine?
Use the missed dose as soon as you remember. Skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose. Do not Use extra medicine to make up the missed dose.
Does Pyridoxine make I sleepy?
Pyridoxine deficiency can leave you feeling unusually tired and sluggish.
Can I take overdose of Pyridoxine?
Taking high doses is possibly unsafe. High doses might cause newborns to have seizures.Pyridoxine is likely safe when taken in doses of 2 mg by mouth daily.
