Neuropathic Pain

What (and How) is Neuropathic Pain?

Neuropathic pain is a complex and chronic condition caused by damage to the nerves, especially in the peripheral nervous system. It typically presents with a burning or aching sensation, and can be mild or severe, localized or widespread. Unlike pain originating from tissue damage, neuropathic pain is not helped by typical treatments such as anti-inflammatory medications and opioids.

What Causes Neuropathic Pain?

Neuropathic pain is caused by damage to the peripheral nerves, either traumatic damage or caused by a medical condition. Common medical causes of neuropathic pain include diabetes, chronic nerve inflammation, HIV, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, and stroke. Traumatic causes of neuropathic pain include direct injury to the affected nerves, nerve compression, or nerve entrapment.

Symptoms of Neuropathic Pain

The symptoms of neuropathic pain vary from one person to another and can include the following:

• Burning pain
• Sharp, shooting pain
• Tingling or pins and needles sensations
• Numbness or weakness of limbs
• A feeling of extreme sensitivity to touch
• Ongoing itching sensations

Treating Neuropathic Pain

There is no single treatment that cures neuropathic pain. Treatment is instead aimed at controlling the symptoms and managing flare-ups. A combination of medications, lifestyle changes, and physical therapy is usually recommended. Common medications used to treat neuropathic pain are anticonvulsants, antidepressants, and opioids. Other treatments may include nerve blocks, electrical stimulation, and psychotherapy.