Episcleritis
Episcleritis: Overview and Causes
Episcleritis is an inflammation of the thin layer that covers the white of the eye (sclera). It produces redness in the eye, which is easily seen when the eyelid is opened. It rarely causes a decrease in vision or other eye symptoms, which makes it different from a far more serious eye condition, scleritis.
Episcleritis can usually be diagnosed by a doctor or other eye health care practitioner during an eye exam. The eye exam includes a visual examination of the eye and examination of the eye with a lighted instrument called a slit lamp. Once the diagnosis has been made, treatment involves relief of the irritating symptoms and controlling the inflammation.
Causes
Episcleritis is usually caused by an overactive immune system that is triggered by external irritants such as perfumes, eye drops, lotions, and cosmetics. It is also associated with certain diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, infectious diseases, and pelvic inflammatory disease.
In some cases, there may not be an identifiable cause for episcleritis. In these cases, it is usually self-limited and resolves on its own without treatment.
Treatment
Treatment of episcleritis depends on the severity and duration of the symptoms as well as the underlying cause. Mild cases may not require treatment, while more severe cases may require medications.
Common medications used to treat episcleritis may include:
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen or naproxen
- Corticosteroids (topical or oral), such as prednisone
- Immunosuppressants, such as cyclosporine
In some cases, an injection of a steroid medication may be used to quickly control inflammation.
Conclusion
Episcleritis is an inflammation of the sclera, the thin layer that covers the white of the eye. It is usually caused by an overactive immune system or an underlying medical condition. Treatment involves controlling inflammation through medications, such as NSAIDs, corticosteroids, or immunosuppressants. In some cases, an injection of a steroid medication may be used. Most cases of episcleritis are self-limited and will resolve on their own without treatment.