Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a condition in which the heart is unable to pump enough blood to the body’s other organs, leading to swelling and an inadequate supply of oxygen. The condition is often caused by a buildup of factors such as age, genetics, lifestyle and dietary choices, and over use of the heart. Ultimately, congestive heart failure can be prevented, slowed, and managed.

Causes of CHF

Heart attack or stroke
High blood pressure
Deformed or enlarged heart muscle
Excessive sodium or alcohol intake
Diabetes
Valve disease
Kidney disease
Viral infection of the heart muscle

Signs and symptoms of CHF

Fatigue
Shortness of breath
Swollen ankles, feet, or legs
Cough or wheezing
Difficulty concentrating
Nausea and vomiting

Complications of CHF

Arrhythmia
Heart valve problems
Fluid buildup in the lungs
Sudden cardiac death
Kidney problems
Stroke

Treatment for CHF

Treatment for CHF depends on the severity of the condition and the underlying cause. Options may include medications such as diuretics, beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, and vasodilators; lifestyle changes such as reducing sodium intake, increasing exercise, and quitting smoking; device therapy such as an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD); and surgical procedures such as coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) or a valve replacement.

Preventing CHF

In order to prevent congestive heart failure, it is important to reduce factors that place an excessive strain on the heart. Ways to do this include controlling blood sugar, managing cholesterol, avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol use, and exercising regularly. Additionally, it is important to watch for signs and symptoms of CHF and quickly seek medical attention if they occur.