Pregnid
Pregnid Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.
Each capsule contains:
Zinc Sulphate Monohydrate 61.8 mgDried Ferrous Sulphate 150 mgFolic Acid (Vitamin-B9) 0.50 mgThiamine Mononitrate (Vitamin-B1) 2 mgRiboflavin (Vitamin-B2) 2 mgNicotinamide (Vitamin-B3) 10 mgPyridoxine Hydrochloride (Vitamin-B6) 1 mgAscorbic Acid (Vitamin-C) 50 mgZinc sulfate precipitates protein and this is responsible for the astringent and weak antiseptic activity of Zn sulfate. It also produces mild vasodilation. Zinc sulfate can also be used orally or systemically as a zinc supplement. 220 mg of zinc sulfate (heptahydrate) contains 50 mg of elemental zinc.
Iron is an essential mineral, with several important roles in the body. For example, it helps to make red blood cells, which carry oxygen around the body. A lack of iron can lead to iron deficiency anaemia. Liver is a good source of iron, don't eat it if you are pregnant. This is because it is also rich in vitamin A which, in large amounts, can harm your unborn baby.
Folic acid is essential for the production of certain coenzymes in many metabolic systems such as purine and pyrimidine synthesis. It is also essential in the synthesis and maintenance of nucleoprotein in erythropoesis. It also promotes WBC and platelet production in folate-deficiency anaemia.
Nicotinamide is a vitamin B3 derivative. It is incorporated into coenzymes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP), which are involved in multiple cellular metabolic pathways.
| Trade Name | Pregnid |
| Generic | Iron + Folic Acid + Vitamin B Complex + Vitamine C + Zinc Sulfate |
| Type | Capsule |
| Therapeutic Class | Iron & Vitamin Combined preparations |
| Manufacturer | Navana Pharmaceuticals Ltd |
| Available Country | Bangladesh |
| Last Updated: | September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am |
Uses
This is used for the treatment and prophylaxis of Zinc, Iron, Folic Acid, B-vitamins and Vitamin-C deficiency especially during pregnancy and lactation.
Pregnid is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Anaemia folate deficiency, Folate deficiency, Iron Deficiency (ID), Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA), Latent Iron Deficiency, Neural Tube Defects (NTDs), Vitamin Deficiency, Methotrexate toxicity, Nutritional supplementationAnemia, Iron Deficiency (ID), Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA), Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS), Concomitant myelosuppressive chemotherapy, Nutritional supplementation, Dietary supplementationDry Eyes, Local itching, Localized pain, Localized swelling, Nutritional supplementation
How Pregnid works
Folic acid, as it is biochemically inactive, is converted to tetrahydrofolic acid and methyltetrahydrofolate by dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). These folic acid congeners are transported across cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis where they are needed to maintain normal erythropoiesis, synthesize purine and thymidylate nucleic acids, interconvert amino acids, methylate tRNA, and generate and use formate. Using vitamin B12 as a cofactor, folic acid can normalize high homocysteine levels by remethylation of homocysteine to methionine via methionine synthetase.
Iron is necessary for the production of hemoglobin. Iron-deficiency can lead to decreased production of hemoglobin and a microcytic, hypochromic anemia.
Zinc inhibits cAMP-induced, chloride-dependent fluid secretion by inhibiting basolateral potassium (K) channels, in in-vitro studies with rat ileum. This study has also shown the specificity of Zn to cAMP-activated K channels, because zinc did not block the calcium (Ca)-mediated K channels. As this study was not performed in Zn-deficient animals, it provides evidence that Zn is probably effective in the absence of Zn deficiency. Zinc also improves the absorption of water and electrolytes, improves regeneration of the intestinal epithelium, increases the levels of brush border enzymes, and enhances the immune response, allowing for a better clearance of the pathogens.
Dosage
Pregnid dosage
One capsule daily. In more severe cases, 2 capsules a day may be required or as directed by the physician.
May be taken with or without food.
Side Effects
Generally well tolerated. However, a few allergic reactions may be seen.
Toxicity
IPR-MUS LD50 85 mg/kg,IVN-GPG LD50 120 mg/kg, IVN-MUS LD50 239 mg/kg, IVN-RAT LD50 500 mg/kg, IVN-RBT LD50 410 mg/kg
Acute iron overdosage can be divided into four stages. In the first stage, which occurs up to six hours after ingestion, the principal symptoms are vomiting and diarrhea. Other symptoms include hypotension, tachycardia and CNS depression ranging from lethargy to coma. The second phase may occur at 6-24 hours after ingestion and is characterized by a temporary remission. In the third phase, gastrointestinal symptoms recur accompanied by shock, metabolic acidosis, coma, hepatic necrosis and jaundice, hypoglycemia, renal failure and pulmonary edema. The fourth phase may occur several weeks after ingestion and is characterized by gastrointestinal obstruction and liver damage. In a young child, 75 milligrams per kilogram is considered extremely dangerous. A dose of 30 milligrams per kilogram can lead to symptoms of toxicity. Estimates of a lethal dosage range from 180 milligrams per kilogram and upwards. A peak serum iron concentration of five micrograms or more per ml is associated with moderate to severe poisoning in many.
Human : TDLo ( Oral) 45mg/kg/7D-C : Normocytic anemia, pulse rate increase without fall inBP Human: TDLo (oral) 106mg/kg : Hypermotylity, diarrhea Mouse ; LD50 Oral : 245mg/kg Mouse : LD50 : subcutaneous : 781mg/kg
Precaution
Care should be taken in patients who may develop iron overload, such as those with haemochromatosis, haemolytic anaemia or red cell aplasia. Iron chelates with tetracycline and absorption may be impaired.
Interaction
Antiepileptics, oral contraceptives, anti-TB drugs, alcohol, aminopterin, methotrexate, pyrimethamine, trimethoprim and sulphonamides may result to decrease in serum folate contrations. Decreases serum phenytoin concentrations.
As little as 5 mg pyridoxine daily can decrease the efficacy of levodopa in the treatment of parkinsonism. Therefore, Vitamin-B complex is not recommended for patients undergoing such therapy
Volume of Distribution
Tetrahydrofolic acid derivatives are distributed to all body tissues but are stored primarily in the liver.
After absorption zinc is bound to protein metallothionein in the intestines. Zinc is widely distributed throughout the body. It is primarily stored in RBCs, WBCs, muscles, bones, Skin, Kidneys, Liver, Pancreas, retina, and prostate.
Elimination Route
Folic acid is absorbed rapidly from the small intestine, primarily from the proximal portion. Naturally occurring conjugated folates are reduced enzymatically to folic acid in the gastrointestinal tract prior to absorption. Folic acid appears in the plasma approximately 15 to 30 minutes after an oral dose; peak levels are generally reached within 1 hour.
The efficiency of absorption depends on the salt form, the amount administered, the dosing regimen and the size of iron stores. Subjects with normal iron stores absorb 10% to 35% of an iron dose. Those who are iron deficient may absorb up to 95% of an iron dose.
Approximately 20 to 30% of dietary zinc is absorbed, primarily from the duodenum and ileum. The amount absorbed is dependent on the bioavailability from food. Zinc is the most bioavailable from red meat and oysters. Phytates may impair absorption by chelation and formation of insoluble complexes at an alkaline pH. After absorption, zinc is bound in the intestine to the protein metallothionein. Endogenous zinc can be reabsorbed in the ileum and colon, creating an enteropancreatic circulation of zinc.
Half Life
3 hours
Elimination Route
After a single oral dose of 100 mcg of folic acid in a limited number of normal adults, only a trace amount of the drug appeared in the urine. An oral dose of 5 mg in 1 study and a dose of 40 mcg/kg of body weight in another study resulted in approximately 50% of the dose appearing in the urine. After a single oral dose of 15 mg, up to 90% of the dose was recovered in the urine. A majority of the metabolic products appeared in the urine after 6 hours; excretion was generally complete within 24 hours. Small amounts of orally administered folic acid have also been recovered in the feces. Folic acid is also excreted in the milk of lactating mothers.
Primarily fecal (approximately 90%); to a lesser extent in the urine and in perspiration.
Pregnancy & Breastfeeding use
Recommended.
Contraindication
Pregnid is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients.
Acute Overdose
Accidental overdose of iron containing products is a leading cause of fatal poisoning in children below 6 years. Avoid higher doses if you have liver disease or haemochromatosis; excess can cause bloody diarrhea, vomiting, acidosis, darkened stools, abdominal pain. Symptoms may clear in a few hours.
Riboflavin is reported to be completely safe and no toxic symptoms have been reported so far. Higher doses of Nicotinamide may cause vomiting, diarrhea. Sensory neuropathy was observed in individuals consuming more than 200 mg Pyridoxine for very long periods. No case of Folic acid overdodage has been reported.
Acute ingestion of Ascorbic acid, even of massive doses, is unlikely to cause significant effects.
Zinc toxicity has been seen in both acute and chronic forms. Ingestion of 150 to 450 mg of zinc per day have been associated with low copper status, altered iron function, reduced immune function, and reduced levels of high-density lipoproteins. So, Zinc at its RDA dosages dose not cause any significant effect.
Storage Condition
Store in a dry place below 25 °C. Protect from light.
Innovators Monograph
You find simplified version here Pregnid
FAQ
What is Pregnid?
Pregnid is a type of asthma medication which, when taken every day and used along with other antiasthma medications, may reduce the frequency, severity, and duration of asthma symptoms or attacks in children. It may also lead to a reduction in daily requirements of other antiasthma medications. Pregnid is not effective for the prevention or treatment of acute asthma attacks. Pregnid works by inhibiting certain substances in the body that are known to cause inflammation and symptoms of asthma.
What does Pregnid used for?
Pregnid is used to minimize the frequency and severity of asthma attacks. This medication may allow for a reduction in the use of other asthma medications. Pregnid is not effective in treating an active asthma attack (acute attack).
How quickly does Pregnid work?
It may take 2 to 3 months for this medication to have an effect. Your doctor may also adjust the dosage of your other asthma medications while you are taking Pregnid.
Is Pregnid a first generation antihistamine?
Pregnid, a first-generation antihistamine, is the antihistamine drug with the biggest category of evidence (systematic review with meta-analysis) for the control of asthma and wheezing in children, mainly in atopic children.
Does Pregnid make me sleepy?
Pregnid may cause some people to become drowsy, dizzy, or less alert than they are normally. Make sure you know how you react to this medicine before you drive, use machines, or do anything else that could be dangerous if you are dizzy or are not alert.
Why does Pregnid cause weight gain?
Leptin acts on receptors in the hypothalamus of the brain, where it inhibits appetite. Pregnid by inhibitory effect on production of TNF-α can reduce leptin level and thereby decreased the inhibition of leptin on appetite and finally result in weight gain.
Does Pregnid help with anxiety?
Pregnid can reduce behavioural suppression in rodent models of anxiety and attenuate the behavioural consequences of withdrawal from treatment with drugs of abuse.
Is Pregnid sedative?
Pregnid is described as a prophylactic antiasthma compound. Its predominant effect is histamine H1-receptor antagonism, which accounts for its sedative effect. Pregnid has little effect in clinical asthma—in acute challenge, on airway hyperresponsiveness, or on clinical symptoms.
How to take Pregnid?
Take Pregnid by mouth; generally twice daily. Do not crush or chew the tablets. Pregnid must be taken regularly to be effective. Do not skip any doses.
Is Pregnid safe?
The FDA has determined that Pregnid (ketotifen fumarate) is safe for OTC use based on the long-term use of the drug, as well as the controlled clinical studies that supported the original prescription-strength formula.
Is Pregnid safe for children?
Pregnid should be given for a year or longer to older children (older than 30 months) who have shown an initial good response to the drug.
What is the half life of Pregnid?
Clearance of the drug from plasma is biphasic, with a half-life of distribution of 3 hours and a half-life of elimination of 22 hours in adults. However, the onset of action of Pregnid is slow, and it may take 4 to 6 weeks to achieve full prophylactic value under certain conditions.
What are the side effects of Pregnid?
Side effects of Pregnid are Drowsiness and in isolated cases, dry mouth and slight dizziness may occur at the beginning of treatment, but usually disappear spontaneously after a few days.
Is Pregnid safe during pregnancy?
Pregnid is considered a FDA pregnancy category C agent. Animal data reveal no harmful effects of ketotifen during pregnancy. No adequate and well-controlled studies of Pregnid in pregnant women have been performed.
