Glutathione

Glutathione Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.

A tripeptide with many roles in cells. It conjugates to drugs to make them more soluble for excretion, is a cofactor for some enzymes, is involved in protein disulfide bond rearrangement and reduces peroxides.

Trade Name Glutathione
Generic Glutathione
Glutathione Other Names Glutathion, Glutathione, Glutathione-SH, Reduced glutathione
Type
Formula C10H17N3O6S
Weight Average: 307.323
Monoisotopic: 307.083805981
Groups Approved, Investigational, Nutraceutical
Therapeutic Class
Manufacturer
Available Country
Last Updated: September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am
Glutathione
Glutathione

Uses

For nutritional supplementation, also for treating dietary shortage or imbalance

Glutathione is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Hangover, Nerve Disorders, Neuropathies

How Glutathione works

Glutathione (GSH) participates in leukotriene synthesis and is a cofactor for the enzyme glutathione peroxidase. It also plays a role in the hepatic biotransformation and detoxification process; it acts as a hydrophilic molecule that is added to other lipophilic toxins or wastes prior to entering biliary excretion. It participates in the detoxification of methylglyoxal, a toxic by-product of metabolism, mediated by glyoxalase enzymes. Glyoxalase I catalyzes the conversion of methylglyoxal and reduced glutathione to S-D-Lactoyl-glutathione. Glyoxalase II catalyzes the conversion of S-D-Lactoyl Glutathione to Reduced Glutathione and D-lactate. Glyoxalase I catalyzes the conversion of methylglyoxal and reduced glutathione to S-D-Lactoyl-glutathione. Glyoxalase II catalyzes the conversion of S-D-Lactoyl Glutathione to Reduced Glutathione and D-lactate. GSH is a cofactor of conjugation and reduction reactions that are catalyzed by glutathione S-transferase enzymes expressed in the cytosol, microsomes, and mitochondria. However, it is capable of participating in non-enzymatic conjugation with some chemicals, as it is hypothesized to do to a significant extent with n-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), the reactive cytochrome P450 reactive metabolite formed by toxic overdose of acetaminophen. Glutathione in this capacity binds to NAPQI as a suicide substrate and in the process detoxifies it, taking the place of cellular protein sulfhydryl groups which would otherwise be toxically adducted. The preferred medical treatment to an overdose of this nature, whose efficacy has been consistently supported in literature, is the administration (usually in atomized form) of N-acetylcysteine, which is used by cells to replace spent GSSG and allow a usable GSH pool.

Toxicity

ORL-MUS LD50 5000 mg/kg, IPR-MUS LD50 4020 mg/kg, SCU-MUS LD50 5000 mg/kg, IVN-RBT LD50 > 2000 mg/kg, IMS-MUS LD50 4000 mg/kg

Food Interaction

No interactions found.

Elimination Route

Research suggests that glutathione is not orally bioactive, and that very little of oral glutathione tablets or capsules is actually absorbed by the body.

Innovators Monograph

You find simplified version here Glutathione

*** Taking medicines without doctor's advice can cause long-term problems.
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