Bismuth subnitrate
Bismuth subnitrate Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.
Bismuth subnitrate, also referred to as bismuth oxynitrate or bismuthyl nitrate, is a highly water-soluble crystalline compound that has been used as a treatment for duodenal ulcers and anti-diarrheic agent . The use of bismuth substrate as an active ingredient in over-the-counter antacids is approved by the FDA.
Bismuth subnitrate acts as an antacid that exert protective effects on the gastric mucosa . In a double-blind endoscopically controlled study, bismuth substrate was demonstrated to be effective for symptomatic relief in duodenal ulcers . In the alcohol model of mucosal injury in the rat, bismuth substrate was shown to be cytoprotective . In a randomized clinical study consisting of patients with H. pylori-associated duodenal ulcer, adjunctive use of colloidal bismuth subnitrate in a short treatment regimen with omeprazole and clarithromycin resulted in improved eradication rate of H. pylori .
| Trade Name | Bismuth subnitrate |
| Generic | Bismuth subnitrate |
| Bismuth subnitrate Other Names | Bismuth hydroxide nitrate oxide, Bismuth nitrate, basic, Bismuth subnitrate, Bismuthum subnitricum |
| Type | |
| Formula | Bi5H9N4O22 |
| Weight | Average: 1461.98 Monoisotopic: 1461.87284 |
| Protein binding | Upon accumulation in the kidneys, bismuth may bind to a bismuth-metal binding protein in the kidney . |
| Groups | Approved |
| Therapeutic Class | |
| Manufacturer | |
| Available Country | |
| Last Updated: | September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am |
Uses
Bismuth subnitrate is a medication used as an antacid.
Indicated for over-the-counter use as an antacid.
How Bismuth subnitrate works
Based on the findings of a clinical investigation in patients with duodenal ulcer disease and healthy volunteers receiving oral bismuth subnitrate tablets, the protective effects of bismuth subnitrate may be secondary to endogenous mucosal prostaglandin (PGE2) production, which is one of the deficient factors observed in peptic ulcer disease . Antacid neutralizing activity of bismuth subnitrate was demonstrated to have a significant postprandial effect on gastric pH .
Toxicity
Reported oral dose range for moderate toxicity or possibly lethal toxicity in humans is 0.5-5 g/kg . Nephropathy, encephalopathy, osteoarthropathy, gingivitis, stomatitis and colitis have been attributed to bismuth toxicity in humans .
Volume of Distribution
Bismuth has been shown to accumulate preferentially in the kidneys .
Elimination Route
Bismuth subnitrate may undergo minimal gastrointestinal absorption which may be potentiated with concomitant administration of sulfhydryl compounds when dissolved in citrate buffer solution . Approximately 0.2% of orally administered bismuth is absorbed systematically from the gastrointestinal tract with the peak plasma concentration typically occurring within 1 hour .
Half Life
The distribution half-life of bismuth is approximately 1 to 4 hours, and the elimination half-life is 5 to 11 days .
Clearance
No pharmacokinetic data available.
Elimination Route
Bismuth may undergo both urinary and faecal excretion, however the exact proportion contributed by each route is still unknown .
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