Antabuse

Antabuse Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.

A carbamate derivative used as an alcohol deterrent. It is a relatively nontoxic substance when administered alone, but markedly alters the intermediary metabolism of alcohol. When alcohol is ingested after administration of disulfiram, blood acetaldehyde concentrations are increased, followed by flushing, systemic vasodilation, respiratory difficulties, nausea, hypotension, and other symptoms (acetaldehyde syndrome). It acts by inhibiting aldehyde dehydrogenase.

Antabuse produces a sensitivity to alcohol which results in a highly unpleasant reaction when the patient under treatment ingests even small amounts of alcohol. Antabuse blocks the oxidation of alcohol at the acetaldehyde stage during alcohol metabolism following disulfiram intake, the concentration of acetaldehyde occurring in the blood may be 5 to 10 times higher than that found during metabolism of the same amount of alcohol alone. Accumulation of acetaldehyde in the blood produces a complex of highly unpleasant symptoms referred to hereinafter as the disulfiram-alcohol reaction. This reaction, which is proportional to the dosage of both disulfiram and alcohol, will persist as long as alcohol is being metabolized. Antabuse does not appear to influence the rate of alcohol elimination from the body. Prolonged administration of disulfiram does not produce tolerance; the longer a patient remains on therapy, the more exquisitely sensitive he becomes to alcohol.

Trade Name Antabuse
Availability Prescription only
Generic Disulfiram
Disulfiram Other Names Disulfiram, Tetraethylthioperoxydicarbonic diamide, Tetraethylthiuram disulfide, Tetraethylthiuram disulphide
Related Drugs Vivitrol, naltrexone, acamprosate, Antabuse, Campral, Revia
Weight 250mg, 500mg,
Type Oral tablet
Formula C10H20N2S4
Weight Average: 296.539
Monoisotopic: 296.05093141
Groups Approved
Therapeutic Class
Manufacturer
Available Country United States,
Last Updated: September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am
Antabuse
Antabuse

Uses

Antabuse is a carbamate derivative used to treat alcohol addiction.

For the treatment and management of chronic alcoholism

Antabuse is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Chronic Alcoholism

How Antabuse works

Antabuse blocks the oxidation of alcohol at the acetaldehyde stage during alcohol metabolism following disulfiram intake causing an accumulation of acetaldehyde in the blood producing highly unpleasant symptoms. Antabuse blocks the oxidation of alcohol through its irreversible inactivation of aldehyde dehydrogenase, which acts in the second step of ethanol utilization. In addition, disulfiram competitively binds and inhibits the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor, which may indicate some value in the treatment of the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal, however this activity has not been extensively studied.

Toxicity

LD50=8.6g/kg (orally in rats). Symptoms of overdose include irritation, slight drowsiness, unpleasant taste, mild GI disturbances, and orthostatic hypotension.

Food Interaction

  • Avoid alcohol. Avoid alcohol for up to 14 days after discontinuation.
  • Take with or without food. The absorption is unaffected by food.

Antabuse Alcohol interaction

[Major] CONTRAINDICATED:

Consumption of ethanol during treatment with disulfiram may cause flushing, nausea, blurred vision, dyspnea, tachypnea, tachycardia, and hypotension.

Death has been reported.

The mechanism is probably related to inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase, the enzyme responsible for the oxidation of acetaldehyde to acetyl CoA.

Accumulation of acetaldehyde probably results.



Ethanol should be avoided in patients receiving disulfiram.

Elimination Route

Antabuse is absorbed slowly from the gastrointestinal tract (80 to 90% of oral dose).

Innovators Monograph

You find simplified version here Antabuse

*** Taking medicines without doctor's advice can cause long-term problems.
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