Acenocumarolo

Acenocumarolo Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.

Acenocumarolo is a coumarin derivative used as an anticoagulant. Coumarin derivatives inhibit the reduction of vitamin K by vitamin K reductase. This prevents carboxylation of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, II, VII, IX and X, and interferes with coagulation. Hematocrit, hemoglobin, international normalized ratio and liver panel should be monitored. Patients on acenocoumarol are prohibited from giving blood.

Acenocumarolo inhibits the reduction of vitamin K by vitamin K reductase. This prevents carboxylation of certain glutamic acid residues near the N-terminals of clotting factors II, VII, IX and X, the vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. Glutamic acid carboxylation is important for the interaction between these clotting factors and calcium. Without this interaction, clotting cannot occur. Both the extrinsic (via factors VII, X and II) and intrinsic (via factors IX, X and II) are affected by acenocoumarol.

Acenocumarolo
Uses
Dosage
Side Effect
Precautions
Interactions
Uses during Pregnancy
Uses during Breastfeeding
Accute Overdose
Food Interaction
Half Life
Volume of Distribution
Clearance
Interaction With other Medicine
Contradiction
Storage

Trade Name	Acenocumarolo
Generic	Acenocoumarol
Acenocoumarol Other Names	Acenocoumarin, Acénocoumarol, Acenocoumarol, Acenocoumarolum, Acenocumarol, Acenocumarolo, Acenokumarin, Nicoumalone, Nicumalon, Nitrovarfarian, Nitrowarfarin
Type
Formula	C₁₉H₁₅NO₆
Weight	Average: 353.3255 Monoisotopic: 353.089937217
Protein binding	98.7% protein bound, mainly to albumin
Groups	Approved, Investigational
Therapeutic Class
Manufacturer
Available Country
Last Updated:	September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am

Uses

Acenocumarolo is an anticoagulant drug used in the prevention of thromboembolic diseases in infarction and transient ischemic attacks, as well as management of deep vein thrombosis and myocardial infarction.

For the treatment and prevention of thromboembolic diseases. More specifically, it is indicated for the prevention of cerebral embolism, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, thromboembolism in infarction and transient ischemic attacks. It is used for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis and myocardial infarction.

Acenocumarolo is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Coronary Occlusions, Pulmonary Embolism, Systemic Embolism, Thrombosis, Venous, Transient Ischemic Attack

How Acenocumarolo works

Acenocumarolo inhibits vitamin K reductase, resulting in depletion of the reduced form of vitamin K (vitamin KH2). As vitamin K is a cofactor for the carboxylation of glutamate residues on the N-terminal regions of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, this limits the gamma-carboxylation and subsequent activation of the vitamin K-dependent coagulant proteins. The synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X and anticoagulant proteins C and S is inhibited resulting in decreased prothrombin levels and a decrease in the amount of thrombin generated and bound to fibrin. This reduces the thrombogenicity of clots.

Toxicity

The onset and severity of the symptoms are dependent on the individual's sensitivity to oral anticoagulants, the severity of the overdosage, and the duration of treatment. Bleeding is the major sign of toxicity with oral anticoagulant drugs. The most frequent symptoms observed are: cutaneous bleeding (80%), haematuria (with renal colic) (52%), haematomas, gastrointestinal bleeding, haematemesis, uterine bleeding, epistaxis, gingival bleeding and bleeding into the joints. Further symptoms include tachycardia, hypotension, peripheral circulatory disorders due to loss of blood, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal pains.

Food Interaction

Avoid herbs and supplements with anticoagulant/antiplatelet activity. Examples include garlic, ginger, bilberry, danshen, piracetam, and ginkgo biloba.
Ensure consistent Vitamin K intake. Changes in vitamin K intake may impact coagulation. Foods containing vitamin K include spinach, kale, and swiss chard.
Exercise caution with St. John's Wort.

Volume of Distribution

The volume of distribution at steady-state appeared to be significantly dose dependent: 78 ml/kg for doses < or = 20 microg/kg and 88 ml/kg for doses > 20 microg/kg respectively