(18F)-FDG
(18F)-FDG Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.
Fludeoxyglucose F 18 Injection is a positron emitting radiopharmaceutical containing no-carrier added radioactive 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-g1ucose, which is used for diagnostic purposes in conjunction with Positron Emission Tomography (PET). It is administered by intravenous injection.
Fludeoxyglucose F 18 Injection is rapidly distributed to all organs of the body after intravenous administration. After background clearance of Fludeoxyglucose F 18 Injection, optimal PET imaging is generally achieved between 30 to 40 minutes after administration.In cancer, the cells are generally characterized by enhanced glucose metabolism partially due to (1) an increase in the activity of glucose transporters, (2) an increased rate of phosphorylation activity, (3) a reduction of phosphatase activity or, (4) a dynamic alteration in the balance among all theseprocesses. However, glucose metabolism of cancer as reflected by Fludeoxyglucose F 18 accumulation shows considerable variability. Depending on tumor type, stage, and location, Fludeoxyglucose F 18 accumulation may be increased, normal, or decreased. Also, inflammatory cells can have the same variability of uptake of Fludeoxyglucose F 18.In the heart, under normal aerobic conditions, the myocardium meets the bulk of its energy requirements by oxidizing free fatty acids. Most of the exogenous glucose taken up by the myocyte is converted into glycogen. However, under ischemic conditions, the oxidation of free fatty acids decreases, exogenous glucose becomes the preferred myocardial substrate, glycolysis is stimulated, and glucose taken up by the myocyte is metabolized immediately instead of being converted into glycogen. Under these conditions, phosphorylated Fludeoxyglucose F 18 accumulates in the myocyte and can be detected with PET imaging.Normally, the brain relies on anaerobic metabolism. In epilepsy, the glucose metabolism varies. Generally, during a seizure glucose metabolism increases. Interictally, the seizure focus tends to be hypometabolic.
| Trade Name | (18F)-FDG |
| Generic | Fludeoxyglucose (18F) |
| Fludeoxyglucose (18F) Other Names | (18F)-FDG, 18-F FDG, 18F-FDG, Fludeoxyglucose (18F), Fludeoxyglucose F 18, Fludeoxyglucose F-18, Fludeoxyglucose, F-18, Fluorine (18F) fludeoxyglucose |
| Type | |
| Formula | C6H11FO5 |
| Weight | Average: 181.15 Monoisotopic: 181.061586121 |
| Protein binding | The extent of binding of Fludeoxyglucose F 18 to plasma proteins is not known. |
| Groups | Approved, Investigational |
| Therapeutic Class | |
| Manufacturer | |
| Available Country | |
| Last Updated: | September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am |
Uses
(18F)-FDG is a radiopharmaceutical agent used for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in oncology, cardiology, and neurology.
The uptake of 18F-FDG by tissues is a marker for the tissue uptake of glucose, which in turn is closely correlated with certain types of tissue metabolism. Fludeoxyglucose F 18 Injection is indicated in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging for assessment of abnormal glucose metabolism to assist in the evaluation of malignancy in patients with known or suspected abnormalities found by other testing modalities, or in patients with an existing diagnoses of cancer.
(18F)-FDG is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), Left Ventricular Dysfunction, Malignancies, Seizures, Epileptic
How (18F)-FDG works
Fludeoxyglucose F 18 is a glucose analog that concentrates in cells that rely upon glucose as an energy source, or in cells whose dependence on glucose increases under pathophysiological conditions. Fludeoxyglucose F 18 is transported through the cell membrane by facilitative glucose transporter proteins and is phosphorylated within the cell to [18F] FDG-6- phosphate by the enzyme hexokinase. Once phosphorylated it cannot exit until it is dephosphorylated by glucose-6-phosphatase. Therefore, within a given tissue or pathophysiological process, the retention and clearance of Fludeoxyglucose F 18 reflect a balance involving glucose transporter, hexokinase and glucose-6- phosphatase activities. When allowance is made for the kinetic differences between glucose and Fludeoxyglucose F 18 transport and phosphorylation (expressed as the “lumped constant” ratio), Fludeoxyglucose F 18 is used to assess glucose metabolism. In comparison to background activity of the specific organ or tissue type, regions of decreased or absent uptake of Fludeoxyglucose F 18 reflect the decrease or absence of glucose metabolism. Regions of increased uptake of Fludeoxyglucose F 18 reflect greater than normal rates of glucose metabolism.
Toxicity
Overdoses of Fludeoxyglucose F 18 Injection have not been reported.
Food Interaction
- Take on an empty stomach. When using (18F)-FDG in oncology or neurology, avoid eating for 4-6 hours before (18F)-FDG administration.
- Take with food. Consuming food or beverages containing 50-75 grams of glucose just before the administration of (18F)-FDG may be beneficial in the setting of cardiology imaging.
Volume of Distribution
Fludeoxyglucose F 18 Injection is rapidly distributed to all organs of the body after intravenous administration.
Elimination Route
Fludeoxyglucose F 18 Injection is rapidly distributed to all organs of the body after intravenous administration.
Half Life
10-13 minutes
Clearance
Fludeoxyglucose F 18 and related compounds are cleared from non-cardiac tissues within 3 to 24 hours after administration. Clearance from the cardiac tissue may require more than 96 hours
Elimination Route
Fludeoxyglucose F 18 is cleared from most tissues within 24 hours and can be eliminated from the body unchanged in the urine.
Innovators Monograph
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